High School ELA Kentucky Standards

Compose arguments to support claims in an analysis of substantive topics or texts, using valid reasoning and relevant and sufficient evidence.

Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization and style are appropriate to task, purpose and audience.

Introduce precise, knowledgeable claim(s), establish the significance of the claim(s), distinguish the claim(s)from alternate or opposing claims and create an organization that logically sequences claim(s), counterclaims, reasons and evidence.

Develop claim(s) and opposing claims fairly and thoroughly, supplying the most relevant evidence for each while pointing out the strengths and limitations of both in a manner that anticipates the audience's knowledge level, concerns, values and possible biases.

Use words, phrases and clauses as well as varied syntax to link the major sections of the text, create cohesion and clarify the relationships between claim(s) and reasons, between reasons and evidence and between claim(s) and opposing claims.

Establish and maintain a task appropriate writing style.

Provide a concluding statement or section that follows from and supports the argument presented.

Develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting or trying a new approach, focusing on addressing what is most significant for a specific purpose and audience.

Compose informative/explanatory texts to examine and/or convey complex ideas, concepts and information clearly and accurately through the effective selection, organization and analysis of content.

Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization and style are appropriate to task, purpose and audience.

Introduce a topic; organize complex ideas, concepts and information so that each new element builds on that which precedes it to create a unified whole; include formatting, graphics and multimedia when useful to aiding comprehension.

Develop the topic thoroughly by selecting the most significant and relevant facts, extended definitions, concrete details, quotations or other information and examples appropriate to the audience's knowledge of the topic.

Use appropriate and varied transitions and syntax to link the major sections of the text, create cohesion and clarify the relationships among complex ideas and concepts.

Use precise language, domain-specific vocabulary and techniques such as metaphor, simile and analogy to manage the complexity of the topic.

Establish and maintain a formal style and objective tone while attending to the norms and conventions of the discipline in which they are writing.

Provide a concluding statement or section that follows from and supports the information or explanation presented.

Develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting or trying a new approach, focusing on addressing what is most significant for a specific purpose and audience.

Use narratives strategically in other modes of writing utilizing effective technique, well-chosen details and well-structured sequences for an intended purpose, including but not limited to introducing an issue and/or supporting a claim.

Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization and style are appropriate to task, purpose and audience.

Engage and orient the reader by setting up a problem, situation or observation and its significance, establishing one or multiple point(s) of view and introducing a narrator and/or characters; create a smooth progression of experiences or events.

Use narrative techniques, such as dialogue, pacing, description, reflection and multiple plot lines, to develop experiences, events, and/or characters.

Use a variety of techniques to sequence events so that they build on one another to create a coherent whole and build toward a particular tone and outcome.

Use precise words and phrases, telling details and sensory language to convey a vivid picture of the experiences, events, setting and/or characters.

Provide a conclusion that explicitly connects the narrative's relevance to the intend-ed purpose of the writing.

Develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting or trying a new approach, focusing on addressing what is most significant for a specific purpose and audience.

Use digital resources to create, publish and update individual or shared products, taking advantage of technology's capacity to link to other information and to display information flexibly and dynamically. Use a variety of formats to cite sources.

Conduct short as well as more sustained research projects to answer a question (including a self-generated question) or solve a problem; narrow or broaden the inquiry when appropriate; synthesize multiple sources on the subject, demonstrating understanding of the subject under investigation.

Gather relevant information from multiple authoritative print and digital sources, using advanced searches effectively; assess the strengths and limitations of each source in terms of the task, purpose and audience; integrate information into the text selectively to maintain the flow of ideas, avoiding plagiarism and overreliance on any one source and following a standard format for citation.

Compose routinely over extended time frames and shorter time frames for a variety of task, purposes and audiences.

In both written and oral expression:

Demonstrate the understanding that usage is a matter of convention, can change over time and may be contested.

Resolve issues of complex or contested usage, consulting references as needed.

When writing:

Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English capitalization, punctuation and spelling when writing.

Apply knowledge of language to understand how language functions in different contexts, to make effective choices for meaning or style and to comprehend more fully when reading or listening.

Apply an understanding of syntax to the study of complex texts when reading.

Vary syntax for effect in writing and speaking, consulting references for guidance as needed.

Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grade 11-12 reading and content, choosing flexibility from an array of strategies

Use context (e.g., the overall meaning of a sentence or paragraph; a word's position or function in a sentence) as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase.

Identify and correctly use patterns of word changes that indicate different meanings or parts of speech.

Consult general and specialized reference materials to find the pronunciation of a word or determine or clarify its precise meaning or its part of speech.

Acquire and use accurately general academic and domain-specific words and phrases, sufficient for reading, writing, speaking and listening at the college and career readiness level: demonstrate independence in gathering vocabulary knowledge when considering a word or phrase important to comprehension or expression.

Demonstrate understanding of, figurative language, word relationships and nuances in word meanings.

Interpret figures of speech in context, including but not limited to hyperbole and paradox, and analyze their function in the text.

Analyze nuances in the meaning of words with similar denotations.

Vocabulary Acquisition and Use

Conventions of Standard English

Composition

Research to Build and Present Knowledge

Range of Reading and Level of Text Complexity

Reading Standards for Literature

Integration of Knowledge and Ideas

Craft and Structure

Key Ideas and Details

Range of Writing

Language

Craft and Structure

Range of Reading and Level of Text Complexity

Reading Standards for Informational Text

Integration of Knowledge and Ideas

Text Types and Purposes

Production and Distribution

Knowledge of Language

Key Ideas and Details

Cite relevant and thorough textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text.

By the end of the year, flexibly use a variety of comprehension strategies (i.e., questioning, monitoring, visualizing, inferencing, summarizing, synthesizing, using prior knowledge, determining importance) to read, comprehend, and analyze grade-level appropriate, complex informational texts independently and proficiently.

Determine two or more central ideas of a text and analyze their development over the course of the text, including how they interact and build on one another to produce a complex account.

Analyze a complex set of ideas or sequence of events, and explain how specific individuals, ideas or events interact and develop over the course of the text.

Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including figurative, connotative and technical meanings; analyze how an author uses and refines the meaning of a key term or terms over the course of a text.

Analyze and evaluate the effectiveness of the structure an author uses in his or her exposition or argument.

Determine an author's point of view, perspective and purpose in a text in which the rhetoric is particularly effective, analyzing how style and content contribute to the effectiveness of the text.

Integrate and evaluate multiple sources of information presented in different print and non-print formats in order to address a question or solve a problem.

Evaluate the argument, specific claims and evidence in a text, assessing the validity, reasoning, relevance and sufficiency; analyze false statements and fallacious reasoning.

Analyze documents of historical and literary significance, including how they address related themes and concepts.

Cite relevant and thorough textual evidence to support analysis of the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text.

By the end of the year, flexibly use a variety of comprehension strategies (i.e., questioning, monitoring, visualizing, inferencing, summarizing, synthesizing, using prior knowledge, determining importance) to read, comprehend and analyze grade-level appropriate, complex literary texts independently and proficiently.

Determine two or more themes or central ideas of a text and analyze their development over the course of the text, including how they interact and build on one another to produce a complex account.

Analyze the impact of the author's choices over the course of a text regarding how to develop and relate elements of a story or drama.

Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in the text, including figurative and connotative meanings; analyze the cumulative impact of specific word choices on meaning and tone and on the text as a whole.

Analyze how an author's choices concerning how to structure specific parts of a text contribute to its overall structure and meaning as well as its aesthetic impact.

Analyze how point of view and perspective are used to manipulate the reader for a specific purpose or effect, including but not limited to satire, sarcasm, irony and understatement.

Analyze diverse media interpretations of a story, drama or poem, evaluating how each version interprets the source text.

Not applicable to literature.

Demonstrate knowledge of various time periods to analyze how two or more texts from the same period treat similar themes or topics.

Key Ideas and Details

Range of Reading and Level of Text Complexity

Craft and Structure

Craft and Structure

Key Ideas and Details

Integration of Knowledge and Ideas

Integration of Knowledge and Ideas

Range of Reading and Level of Text Complexity

Reading Standards for Informational Text

Cite relevant and thorough textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text.

Routinely and flexibly develop and apply background knowledge along with a variety of comprehension strategies to understand and analyze grade-appropriate, complex informational text independently.

Determine two or more central ideas of a text and analyze their development over the course of the text, including how they interact and build on one another to produce a complex account.

Analyze a complex set of ideas or sequence of events, and explain how specific individuals, ideas or events interact and develop over the course of the text.

Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including figurative, connotative and technical meanings; analyze how an author uses and refines the meaning of a key term or terms over the course of a text.

Analyze and evaluate the effectiveness of the structure an author uses in his or her exposition or argument.

Determine an author’s point of view, perspective and purpose in a text in which the rhetoric is particularly effective, analyzing how style and content contribute to the effectiveness of the text.

Integrate and evaluate multiple sources of information presented in different print and non-print formats in order to address a question or solve a problem.

Evaluate the argument, specific claims and evidence in a text, assessing the validity, reasoning, relevance and sufficiency; analyze false statements and fallacious reasoning.

Analyze documents of historical and literary significance, including how they address related themes and concepts.

Reading Standards for Literature

Cite relevant and thorough textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text.

Routinely and flexibly develop and apply background knowledge along with a variety of comprehension strategies to understand and analyze grade-appropriate, complex literary text independently.

Determine two or more themes or central ideas of a text and analyze their development over the course of the text, including how they interact and build on one another to produce a complex account.

Analyze the impact of the author’s choices over the course of a text regarding how to develop and relate elements of a story or drama.

Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in the text, including figurative and connotative meanings; analyze the cumulative impact of specific word choices on meaning and tone and on the text as a whole.

Analyze how an author’s choices concerning how to structure specific parts of a text contribute to its overall structure and meaning as well as its aesthetic impact.

Analyze how point of view and perspective are used to manipulate the reader for a specific purpose or effect, including but not limited to satire, sarcasm, irony and understatement.

Analyze diverse media interpretations of a story, drama or poem, evaluating how each version interprets the source text.

Not applicable to literature

Demonstrate knowledge of various time periods to analyze how two or more texts from the same period treat similar themes or topics.

Compose arguments to support claims in an analysis of substantive topics or texts, using valid reasoning and relevant and sufficient evidence.

Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization and style are appropriate to task, purpose and audience.

Introduce precise claim(s), distinguish the claim(s) from alternate or opposing claims and create an organization that establishes clear relationships among claim(s), counterclaims, reasons and evidence.

Develop claim(s) and counterclaims fairly, supplying evidence for each while pointing out the strengths and limitations of both in a manner that anticipates the audience's knowledge level and concerns.

Link the major sections of the text cohesively, and clarify the relationships among claim(s), counter-claims, reasons and evidence.

Establish and maintain a task appropriate writing style.

Provide a concluding statement or section that follows from and supports the argument presented.

Develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting or trying a new approach, focusing on addressing what is most significant for a specific purpose and audience.

Compose informative and/or explanatory texts to examine and convey complex ideas, concepts, and information clearly and accurately through the effective selection, organization and analysis of content.

Produce writing in which the development and organization are appropriate to task and purpose.

Introduce a topic; organize complex ideas, concepts, and information to make important connections and distinctions; include formatting, graphics and multimedia when useful to aiding comprehension.

Develop the topic with well-chosen, relevant and sufficient facts, extended definitions, concrete details, quotations or other information and examples appropriate to the audience's knowledge of the topic.

Use appropriate and varied transitions to link the major sections of the text, create cohesion, and clarify the relationships among complex ideas and concepts.

Use precise language and domain-specific vocabulary to manage the complexity of the topic.

Establish and maintain a formal style and objective tone while attending to the norms and conventions of the discipline in which they are writing.

Provide a concluding statement or section that follows from and supports the information or explanation presented.

Develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting, or trying a new approach, focusing on addressing what is most significant for a specific purpose and audience.

Use narratives strategically in other modes of writing, utilizing effective technique, well-chosen details and well-structured sequences for an intended purpose, including but not limited to introducing an idea and/or supporting a claim.

Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization and style are appropriate to task and purpose.

Engage and orient the reader by setting out a problem, situation or observation, establishing one or multiple point(s) of view and introducing a narrator and/or characters; create a smooth progression of experiences or events.

Use narrative techniques, such as dialogue, pacing, description, reflection and multiple plot lines, to develop experiences, events and/or characters.

Use a variety of techniques to sequence events so that they build on one another to create a coherent whole.

Use precise words and phrases, telling details, and sensory language to convey a vivid picture of the experiences, events, setting and/or characters.

Provide a conclusion that explicitly connects the narrative's relevance to the intended purpose of the writing.

Develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting or trying a new approach, focusing on addressing what is most significant for a specific purpose and audience.

Use digital resources to create, publish and update individual or shared products, taking advantage of technology's capacity to link to other information and to display information flexibly and dynamically. Use a variety of formats to cite sources.

Conduct short as well as more sustained research projects to answer a question (including a self-generated question) or solve a problem; narrow or broaden the inquiry when appropriate; synthesize multiple sources on the subject, demonstrating understanding of the subject under investigation.

Gather relevant information from multiple authoritative print and digital sources, using advanced searches effectively; assess the usefulness of each source in answering the research question; integrate information into the text selectively to maintain the flow of ideas, avoiding plagiarism and following a standard format for citation.

Compose routinely over extended time frames and shorter time frames for a variety of tasks, purposes, and audiences.

In both written and oral expression:

Demonstrate appropriate use of parallel structure.

Demonstrate appropriate use of various types of phrases (noun, verb, adjectival, adverbial, participial, prepositional, absolute) and clauses (independent, dependent; noun, relative, adverbial) to convey specific meanings and add variety and interest to writing or presentations.

When writing:

Demonstrate appropriate use of a semicolon with and without a conjunctive adverb to link two or more closely related independent clauses.

Demonstrate appropriate use of a colon to introduce a list or quotation.

Demonstrate appropriate use of strategies and resources (print and electronic) to identify and correct spelling errors.

Apply knowledge of language to understand how language functions in different contexts, to make effective choices for meaning or style and to comprehend more fully when reading or listening.

Write and edit work so that it conforms to the guidelines in a style manual appropriate for the discipline and writing type.

Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grades 9-10 reading and content, choosing flexibly from an array of strategies.

Use context (e.g., the overall meaning of a sentence, paragraph or text; a word's position or function in a sentence) as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase.

Identify and correctly use patterns of word changes that indicate different meanings or parts of speech.

Consult general and specialized reference materials to find the pronunciation of a word or determine or clarify its precise meaning or its part of speech.

Acquire and use accurately general academic and domain-specific words and phrases, sufficient for reading, writing, speaking and listening in order to be transition ready; demonstrate independence in gathering vocabulary knowledge when considering a word or phrase important to comprehension or expression.

Demonstrate understanding of figurative language, word relationships and nuances in word meanings.

Interpret figures of speech in context, including but not limited to euphemism and oxymoron, and analyze their rhetorical function in the text.

Analyze nuances in the meaning of words with similar denotations.

Knowledge of Language

Reading Standards for Literature

Range of Reading and Level of Text Complexity

Production and Distribution

Range of Writing

Research to Build and Present Knowledge

Language

Conventions of Standard English

Key Ideas and Details

Integration of Knowledge and Ideas

Vocabulary Acquisition and Use

Key Ideas and Details

Integration of Knowledge and Ideas

Craft and Structure

Composition

Reading Standards for Informational Text

Text Types and Purposes

Range of Reading and Level of Text Complexity

Craft and Structure

Cite relevant and thorough textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text.

By the end of the year, flexibly use a variety of comprehension strategies (i.e., questioning, monitoring, visualizing, inferencing, summarizing, synthesizing, using prior knowledge, determining importance) to read, comprehend and analyze grade-level appropriate, complex informational texts independently and proficiently.

Determine central ideas of a text and analyze in detail their development over the course of a text, including how they emerge and are shaped and refined by specific details.

Analyze how the author unfolds an analysis or series of ideas or events over the course of a text, including the order in which the points are made, how they are introduced and developed and the connections that are drawn between them.

Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including figurative, connotative and technical meanings; analyze the cumulative impact of specific word choices on meaning and tone.

Analyze in detail how an author's ideas or claims are developed and refined by particular sentences, paragraphs or larger portions of a text.

Determine an author's point of view, perspective and purpose in a text, and analyze how an author uses rhetoric to advance that point of view or purpose.

Analyze various accounts of a subject presented in different print and non-print formats, determining which details are emphasized in each account.

Evaluate the argument, specific claims and evidence in a text, assessing the validity, reasoning, relevancy and sufficiency of the evidence; identify false statements and fallacious reasoning.

Analyze documents of historical and literary significance, including how they address related themes and concepts.

Cite relevant and thorough textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text.

By the end of the year, flexibly use a variety of comprehension strategies (i.e., questioning, monitoring, visualizing, inferencing, summarizing, synthesizing, using prior knowledge, determining importance) to read, comprehend and analyze grade-level appropriate, complex literary texts independently and proficiently.

Determine a theme or central idea of a text, and analyze in detail its development over the course of the text, including how it emerges and is shaped and refined by specific details.

Analyze how complex characters develop over the course of a text, interact with other characters and advance the plot or develop themes.

Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in the text, including figurative and connotative meanings; analyze the cumulative impact of specific word choices on meaning and tone.

Analyze how an author's choices concerning how to structure a text, order events within it and manipulate time create such effects as mystery, tension or surprise.

Analyze a particular author's perspective or cultural experience reflected in a work of literature by drawing on a wide reading of world literature.

Analyze the representation of a subject or a key scene in two different artistic mediums, including what is emphasized or absent in each treatment.

Not applicable to literature.

Analyze how an author draws on and transforms source material in a specific work.

Composition

Compose arguments to support claims in an analysis of substantive topics or texts, using valid reasoning and relevant and sufficient evidence.

Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization and style are appropriate to task, purpose and audience.

Introduce precise claim(s), distinguish the claim(s) from alternate or opposing claims and create an organization that establishes clear relationships among claim(s), counterclaims, reasons and evidence.

Develop claim(s) and counterclaims fairly, supplying evidence for each while pointing out the strengths and limitations of both in a manner that anticipates the audience’s knowledge level and concerns.

Link the major sections of the text cohesively, and clarify the relationships among claim(s), counterclaims, reasons and evidence.

Establish and maintain a task-appropriate writing style.

Provide a concluding statement or section that follows and supports the argument presented.

Develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting or trying a new approach, focusing on addressing what is most significant for a specific purpose and audience.

Compose informative and/or explanatory texts to examine and convey complex ideas, concepts and information clearly and accurately through the effective selection, organization and analysis of content.

Produce writing in which the development and organization are appropriate to task and purpose.

Introduce a topic; organize complex ideas, concepts and information to make important connections and distinctions; include formatting, graphics and multimedia when useful to aiding comprehension.

Develop the topic with well-chosen, relevant and sufficient facts, extended definitions, concrete details, quotations or other information and examples appropriate to the audience’s knowledge of the topic.

Use appropriate and varied transitions to link the major sections of the text, create cohesion and clarify the relationships among complex ideas and concepts.

Use precise language and domain-specific vocabulary to manage the complexity of the topic.

Establish and maintain a formal style and objective tone while attending to the norms and conventions of the discipline in which they are writing.

Provide a concluding statement or section that follows from and supports the information or explanation presented.

Develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting or trying a new approach, focusing on addressing what is most significant for a specific purpose and audience.

Use narratives strategically in other modes of writing, utilizing effective technique, well-chosen details and well-structured sequences for an intended purpose, including but not limited to introducing an idea and/or supporting a claim.

Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization and style are appropriate to task and purpose.

Engage and orient the reader by setting out a problem, situation or observation, establishing one or multiple point(s) of view and introducing a narrator and/or characters; create a smooth progression of experiences or events.

Use narrative techniques, such as dialogue, pacing, description, reflection and multiple plot lines, to develop experiences, events and/or characters.

Use a variety of techniques to sequence events so that they build on one another to create a coherent whole.

Use precise words and phrases, telling details

sensory language to convey a vivid picture of the experiences, events, setting and/or characters.

Provide a conclusion that explicitly connects the narrative’s relevance to the intended purpose of the writing.

Develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting or trying a new approach, focusing on addressing what is most significant for a specific purpose and audience.

Use digital resources to create, publish and update individual or shared products, taking advantage of technology’s capacity to link to other information and to display information flexibly and dynamically. Use a variety of formats to cite sources.

Conduct short as well as more sustained research projects to answer a question (including a self-generated question) or solve a problem; narrow or broaden the inquiry when appropriate; synthesize multiple sources on the subject, demonstrating understanding of the subject under investigation.

Gather relevant information from multiple authoritative print and digital sources, using advanced searches effectively; assess the usefulness of each source in answering the research question; integrate information into the text selectively to maintain the flow of ideas, avoiding plagiarism and following a standard format for citation.

Compose routinely over extended time frames and shorter time frames for a variety of tasks, purposes and audiences.

Language

In both written and oral expression:

Demonstrate appropriate use of parallel structure.

Demonstrate task-appropriate use of phrases and clauses to communicate purpose, develop structure and add variety.

When writing:

Demonstrate appropriate use of a semicolon with and without a conjunctive adverb to link two or more closely related independent clauses.

Demonstrate appropriate use of a colon to introduce a list or quotation.

Demonstrate appropriate use of strategies and resources (print and electronic) to identify and correct spelling errors.

Apply knowledge of language to understand how language functions in different contexts, to make effective choices for meaning or style and to comprehend more fully when reading or listening.

Write and edit work so that it conforms to the guidelines in a style manual appropriate for the discipline and writing type.

Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grades 9-10 reading and content, choosing flexibly from an array of strategies.

Use context (e.g., the overall meaning of a sentence, paragraph or text; a word’s position or function in a sentence) as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase.

Identify and correctly use patterns of word changes that indicate different meanings or parts of speech.

Consult general and specialized reference materials to find the pronunciation of a word or determine or clarify its precise meaning or its part of speech.

Acquire and use accurately general academic and domain-specific words and phrases, sufficient for reading, writing, speaking and listening in order to be postsecondary ready; demonstrate independence in gathering vocabulary knowledge when considering a word or phrase important to comprehension or expression.

Demonstrate understanding of figurative language, word relationships and nuances in word meanings.

Interpret figures of speech in context, including but not limited to euphemism and oxymoron, and analyze their rhetorical function in the text.

Analyze nuances in the meaning of words with similar denotations.

Craft and Structure

Craft and Structure

Range of Reading and Level of Text Complexity

Range of Writing

Integration of Knowledge and Ideas

Production and Distribution

Text Types and Purpose

Integration of Knowledge and Ideas

Key Ideas and Details

Knowledge of Language

Conventions of General American English

Key Ideas and Details

Text Types and Purpose

Vocabulary Acquisition and Use

Research to Build and Present Knowledge

Range of Reading and Level of Text Complexity

Reading Standards for Informational Text

Cite relevant and thorough textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text.

Routinely and flexibly develop and apply background knowledge along with a variety of comprehension strategies to understand and analyze grade-appropriate, complex informational text independently.

Determine central ideas of a text and analyze in detail their development over the course of a text, including how they emerge and are shaped and refined by specific details.

Analyze how the author unfolds an analysis or series of ideas or events over the course of a text, including the order in which the points are made, how they are introduced and developed and the connections that are drawn between them.

Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including figurative, connotative and technical meanings; analyze the cumulative impact of specific word choices on meaning and tone.

Analyze in detail how an author’s ideas or claims are developed and refined by particular sentences, paragraphs or larger portions of a text.

Determine an author’s point of view, perspective and purpose in a text, and analyze how an author uses rhetoric to advance that point of view or purpose.

Analyze various accounts of a subject presented in different print and non-print formats, determining which details are emphasized in each account.

Evaluate the argument, specific claims and evidence in a text, assessing the validity, reasoning, relevancy and sufficiency of the evidence; identify false statements and fallacious reasoning.

Analyze documents of historical and literary significance, including how they address related themes and concepts.

Reading Standards for Literature

Cite relevant and thorough textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text.

Routinely and flexibly develop and apply background knowledge along with a variety of comprehension strategies to understand and analyze grade-appropriate, complex literary text independently.

Determine a theme or central idea of a text, and analyze in detail its development over the course of the text, including how it emerges and is shaped and refined by specific details.

Analyze how complex characters develop over the course of a text, interact with other characters and advance the plot or develop themes.

Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in the text, including figurative and connotative meanings; analyze the cumulative impact of specific word choices on meaning and tone.

Analyze how an author’s choices concerning text structure, order of details, sequence and manipulation of time (e.g., flashback, pacing) create effects (e.g., emotional impact, character development).

Analyze how authors’ perspectives or cultural experiences are reflected in works of world literature from various historical contexts.

Analyze the impact of the representation of a subject or a key scene in different print and non-print mediums and evaluate what is emphasized or omitted in each treatment.

Not applicable to literature

Analyze two or more texts from different time periods to evaluate the impact of authors' approaches to similar themes or topics.