Grade 8 Social Studies Kentucky standards Standards

History

Geography

Economics

Civics

Inquiry

Grade 8 (The United States: 1600-1877)

Analyze the origin and purposes of rule of law, popular sovereignty, federalism, separation of powers and checks and balances.

Explain the origins, functions and structure of government, with reference to the Mayflower Compact, the Declaration of Independence, Articles of Confederation, the Federalist No. 1 (Alexander Hamilton), the Federalist Nos. 10 and 51 (James Madison), the Constitution of the United States, the first ten (10) amendments to the Constitution of the United States, also known as the Bill of Rights and other fundamental documents, and their impacts on citizens.

Explain how a system of checks and balances is intended to prevent a concentration of power in one branch.

Analyze the impact of the democratic principles of equality before the law, inalienable rights, consent of the governed and the right to alter or abolish the government in the United States from the Colonial Era to Reconstruction from 1600-1877.

Examine the role of Kentucky and Kentuckians within national politics between 1792-1877.

Explain the relationship between federalism and local, state and national governments.

Explain how the Constitution of the United States was interpreted and amended through the amendment process, legislative processes, judicial review, executive actions and Supreme Court Cases between 1789-1877.

Analyze the role of citizens in the U.S. political system, with attention to the definition of who is a citizen, expansion of that definition over time and changes in participation over time.

Analyze expansion of and restriction on citizenship and voting rights on diverse groups in the United States from the Colonial Era to Reconstruction from 1600-1877.

Analyze how groups in the United States have challenged Constitutional provisions, laws and court rulings denying them the rights of citizens.

Evaluate economic decisions based on scarcity, opportunity costs and incentives.

Assess the impact of growth and expansion on the allocation of resources and economic incentives.

Explain how regional trends and policies impacted Kentucky's economy prior to the Civil War.

Explain how the availability of resources in Kentucky led people to make economic choices from the Colonial Era to Reconstruction from 1600-1877.

Analyze differing perspectives regarding the role of government in the economy, including the role of money and banking.

Assess how regions of the United States specialized based on supply and demand due to their geographic locations.

Analyze the purpose of taxation and its impact on government spending.

Analyze how property rights are defined, protected, enforced and limited by government.

Describe the impact of supply and demand on equilibrium prices and quantities produced in the United States from the Colonial Era to Reconstruction from 1600-1877.

Assess the ways factors of production are combined in innovative ways resulting in economic growth and increased standards of living.

Analyze why economic interdependence existed between the regions of the United States between 1783-1877.

Use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to analyze settlement patterns in the United States from the Colonial Era to Reconstruction from 1600-1877.

Analyze how cultural and technological changes influenced how people interacted with their environments in the United States from the Colonial Era to Reconstruction from 1600-1877.

Explain how global interconnections impacted culture, land use and trade in the United States during Colonial Era through Reconstruction from 1600-1877.

Analyze Kentucky's role in the early nation through Reconstruction based on its physical geography and location.

Interpret how political, environmental, social and economic factors led to both forced and voluntary migration in the United States from the Colonial Era to Reconstruction from 1600-1877.

Analyze how the political, geographic, social and economic choices of the Colonial Era impacted the Revolutionary Period and Early Republic Period.

Analyze the cause and effect of Westward Expansion, the Civil War and Reconstruction on the diverse populations of the United States.

Explain the role changing political, social and economic perspectives had on the lives of diverse groups of people in the Colonial Era.

Analyze how social and ideological philosophies impacted various movements in the United States from the Colonial Era to Reconstruction from 1600-1877.

Explain how political, social and economic perspectives in the United States led to the rise in sectionalism between 1840-1860.

Evaluate the impact technological innovations made on agriculture, trade and commerce in the years leading up to the Civil War between 1840-1860.

Explain examples of political, geographic, social and economic changes and consistencies in the different regions of the United States between 1860-1877.

Analyze the impact of fundamental documents and speeches on the development of the United States from 1600-1877 that shall include but are not limited to:<ul><li>The Mayflower Compact;</li><li>The Declaration of Independence;</li><li>The Constitution of the United States;</li><li>The Federalist No. 1 (Alexander Hamilton);</li><li>The Federalist Nos. 10 and 51 (James Madison);</li><li>The June 8, 1789 speech on amendments to the Constitution of the United States by James Madison;</li><li>The first ten (10) amendments to the Constitution of the United States, also known as the Bill of Rights;</li><li>The 1796 Farewell Address by George Washington;</li><li>The United States Supreme Court opinion in Marbury v. Madison, 5 U.S. 137 (1803);</li><li>The Monroe Doctrine by James Monroe;</li><li>What to the Slave is the Fourth of July? speech by Frederick Douglass;</li><li>The United States Supreme Court opinion in Dred Scott v. Sanford, 60 U.S. 393 (1857);</li><li>Final Emancipation Proclamation by Abraham Lincoln;</li><li>The Gettysburg Address by Abraham Lincoln; and</li><li>Declaration of Rights of the Women of the United States by Susan B. Anthony, Matilda Joselyn Gage, and Elizabeth Cady Stanton.</li></ul>

Explain how colonial resistance to British control led to the Revolutionary War.

Describe the conflicts and compromises that shaped the development of the U.S. government between 1783-1877.

Analyze how economic, social, ideological and political changes led to sectional and national tensions, inspiring reform movements between 1840-1860.

Explain how sectionalism and the institution of slavery within the United States led to conflicts between 1820-1877.

Articulate Kentucky's role in early American history from the earliest colonial settlement to 1877.

Examine patterns of collaboration and conflict between immigrants to Kentucky and those already in residence from 1775 to 1877.

Construct explanations, using reasoning, correct sequence, examples and details with relevant information and data, while acknowledging the strengths and weaknesses of the explanations related to the development of the United States.

Construct arguments by drawing on multiple disciplinary lenses to analyze how multiple perspectives, diversity and conflict and compromise impacted the development of the United States.

Evaluate how individuals and groups address local, regional and global problems concerning the development of the United States.

Apply a range of deliberative and democratic procedures to make decisions about ways to take action on current local, regional and global issues.

Evaluate a specific problem concerning the development of the United States using each of the social studies disciplines.

Generate supporting questions, using the disciplines of social studies, to help answer compelling questions in U.S. history between 1600-1877.

Evaluate the types of supporting questions each of the social studies disciplines uses to answer compelling and supporting questions.

Develop compelling questions related to the development of the United States between 1600-1877.

Use multiple sources to develop claims in response to compelling and supporting questions.

Create claims and counterclaims, using appropriate evidence, to construct an argument to answer compelling and supporting questions.

Gather relevant information from multiple sources while using the origin, authority, structure, context and corroborative value of the sources to guide the selection to answer compelling and supporting questions.